This is my first time messing with Linux so please forgive my ignorance.
I have an HP Elitebook 840 G8 that I’ve installed Ubuntu server on. I was trying to install a GUI on it, so I tried pulling the SLiM package from the web, but got "Temporary Failure resolving ‘Archive.ubuntu.com’.
This laptop doesn’t have an Ethernet Port, so I have to use a Microsoft USB-Ethernet dongle. But I haven’t been successful in getting that to work.
Is there a way for me to manually download the driver on a USB, then load it that way?
You only have loopback addresses, that won’t work at all. Odd. Unless Ubuntu doesn’t use dhcp. You can try eg “sudo dhclient” or do a manual configuration in the range of your modem (eg ip 192.168.1.2, netmask /24 aka 255.255.255.0, gw 192.168.1.1, dns 9.9.9.9).
Vivek is (y)our friend: https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/setting-up-an-network-interfaces-file/