Most distros use systemd and its logging solution: journald. You can use journalctl to read the logs around the time of the crash for e.g.:
journalctl -S -5m
this shows the last 5 minutes. Use this when a game crashes but the system continues working and did not reboot.journalctl -b -1 -S -10m
this shows the last 10 minutes from the previous boot. Use this if the crash froze the whole system and rebooted.
Look for red lines (errors) and what wrote them. AMD GPU faults usually have the ‘amdgpu’ mentioned, memory errors could appear as ‘protection fault’.
Happy to help! Tough you are right, this is a rather generic error that doesn’t help much just confirms that the GPU is the issue.
At this point it could be a driver issue since there are similar open bug reports. A hardware problem is still possible since you previously said that it’s unstable on windows too, and power related issues can also lead to this error message.