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I recently installed R on my Arch desktop to play with. Any Linux distro could work well if you install the right things, the distro mostly influences how they get installed afaik.

Bottles and docker could be helpful depending on software supports and your needs.

Did you know you can use distrobox and use any distros package manager? There’s no such thing as “distro x” has the most packages or is supported the best.

Use any distro you want. Atomic distros are the latest thing. Fedora silverblue or opensuse aeon

Just use any distro you like and install the packages you need. Done.

Learn docker on the distro you’re most comfortable with.

This is going to be unpopular, but you can easily compile both Python and R and configure them to your liking. For Python you can even use Anaconda3 and forget about installing most packages by yourself.

As for Julia, I usually just install the precompiled binary package.

So, any distribution you feel comfortable with will do.

We use EL (Specifically Rocky, a rebuild of Redhat) for this, but I strongly suspect that any of the main distros will be absolutely fine provided they have modern enough versions of the software you need.

For data science, it depends on what GPU you plan to use. If it’s an Nvidia brand GPU, go with Ubuntu or Fedora. I say from personal experience that it is easier to get Nvidia drivers working on Ubuntu or Fedora than on most other distros I have tried. If it is a Radeon GPU, it will work fine on pretty much any distro at all since Radeon does a good job following Linux standard APIs for graphics card drivers, so for Radeon products I would also recommend Debian or Mint (along side Fedora and Ubuntu).

R-ch (pronounced Arch btw)

Stick to ubuntu or red hat alts. They are whats gonna be in any cloud or HPC cluster.

Any distro you are comfortable with.